Oncogenesis and Aging By Isotopic Functionalizations of the Proteins and Nucleic Acids: Nonzero Nuclear Magnetic Moments By Quantum Criticality Alter Nucleophilicity and Electrophilicity

Although dynamics of telomeres during life expectancy of normal cells have been extensively studied, there are still some unresolved issues. For example, conditions required for telomere shortening leading to malignant transformations are not fully understood. In this work, we mass analyzed DNA of normal and cancer cells for comparing telomere isotopic compositions of white blood cells and cancer cells. We have found that characteristic telomere mass to charges of 1327 Da and 1672 Da cause differential mass distributions of about 1 Da for determining isotopic variations among normal cells relative to cancer cells. These isotopic differences are consistent with prior theory that replacing primordial, common isotopes of ¹H, ¹²C, ¹⁴N, ¹⁶O, ²⁴Mg, ³¹P and/or ³²S by nonprimordial, uncommon isotopes of ²D, ¹³C, ¹⁵N, ¹⁷O, ²⁵Mg and/or ³³S leads to altered enzymatic dynamics for modulating DNA and telomere codons towards transforming normal cells to cancer cells. Prior theory and current data are consistent also with a recently observed non-uniform methylation in DNA of cancer cells relative to more uniform methylation in DNA of normal cells. We observe further evidence of nonprimordial isotopic accelerations of acetylations, methylations, hydroxylations and aminations of nucleosides with alterations of phosphorylations of nucleotides for possibly explaining the induced mutations of DNA, RNA and proteins leading to cancer and more general alterations of DNA associated with aging. Different mass spectra of normal and cancer DNA may be reasoned by different functionalizations and isotopic enrichments as causing different motionally induced atomic and nucleotide orders by different nuclear magnetic moments.