(512g) Catalyst Deactivation and Carbon Formation in Ethanol Decomposition over Bimetallic Nico Catalysts

In this study, we report the ethanol decomposition over NiCo (and NiCoO₂ oxide) along with the oxide of cobalt (Co₃O₄) catalyst. In-situ FTIR analysis was conducted between 50 to 400°C for all the catalysts to understand the reaction mechanism and product selectivity. Cobalt was found to be selective for aldehyde and acetate, whereas bimetallic Ni-Co was selective for the formation of CO at 400°C along with aldehyde. Complete conversion of ethanol was observed at 350°C and 420°C for NiCo and Cobalt respectively indicating an improvement in the rate of conversion when Ni was added to cobalt. The crystallinity, morphology and particle analysis of the used catalyst after reaction were studied using XRD, SEM and TEM respectively. The XRD shows the complete phase change of porous NiCoO₂ to NiCo alloy and SEM indicates the presence of fibrous structure on the surface with 91.7 % of carbon while keeping 1:1 ratio of Ni and Co after the reaction. The detailed analysis of carbon structure using HRTEM-STEM shows the simultaneous growth of carbon nano fibers (CNFs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) that were favored on larger and smaller crystallites respectively, as shown in Fig. 1. Analysis of carbon formation on individual Co catalyst and bimetallic NiCo catalyst shows a clear difference in the initiation patter of carbon deposition. Metallic Co nanopartiles was found to be more mobile where Co disperses along the catalysts surface, whereas NiCo nanoparticles were relatively less mobile, and maintained their structure.