(111e) Upgrading Erythrose over Lewis Acidic Metal Oxides | AIChE

(111e) Upgrading Erythrose over Lewis Acidic Metal Oxides

Authors 

Najmi, S. - Presenter, Georgia Institute of Technology
Medford, A., Georgia Institute of Technology
Sievers, C., Georgia Institute of Technology
Sugars derived from biomass possess a high degree of functionality and offer promise as a potential feedstock for production of commodity chemicals. Erythrose is a cyclic C4 sugar with similar functionality to glucose, which makes it an attractive model feedstock to study. This work analyzes the interactions of erythrose with a variety of metal oxides that possess different types of acid sites.

13C MAS NMR spectroscopy with a direct polarization (DP) pulse sequence was used to identify surface species when the catalysts were impregnated with erythrose. The following catalysts were tested due to varying degrees of Brønsted and Lewis acidity: γ-Al2O3, CeO2, Nb2O5, SiO2, SnO2, TiO2, and ZrO2. CeO2 and Nb2O5 promoted ring opening as evidenced by the appearance of two peaks in the carbonyl region of the spectrum. Nb2O5 also produced a significant amount of surface species containing aliphatic carbon suggesting further reaction to other species. SnO2, TiO2, and ZrO2 showed the most drastic reactions when the temperature was increased from 25 ⁰C to 50 ⁰C. Both carbonyl and aliphatic carbon became significantly more abundant at elevated temperature. In addition, species on TiO2 had the sharpest peaks suggesting it is weakly bound to the active sites due to the moderately acidic nature of TiO2.

Contact time experiments were carried out to determine the mobility of specific functional groups within the surface species present at 25 ⁰C and 50 ⁰C. This was done by comparing the relaxation times of different moieties. Surface species on TiO2 had the fastest relaxation times further suggesting it had the weakest bound surface species. This is a significant consideration because one can discriminate which moieties are interacting with the catalyst surface. Kinetic studies were done using these catalysts to evaluate their feasibility of erythrose upgrading and make connections between observations in the NMR and kinetics.