(373i) Ceramic Membrane Synthesis, Application and Characterization

In today's era separation plays a very important role in the economic conservation of many systems. This membrane played a very important role. The ceramic membrane can handle a high temperature and corrosive chemical environment. Hence ceramic membrane can be effectively used for the various separation process and can also be effective for combine reactions and separation.

In separation we have used a ceramic membrane for corrosion acid separation Ceramic membrane using Silicon carbide (SiC) is fabricated and it is used for the separation of water from spent acid. As acid was used in many chemical industries, particularly in the explosive industry. SiC membrane is hydrophilic and to fill the gap between the particles of the SiC particles TiO₂ particles are used. Due to this porosity of the membrane is decreased and which helps in the separation. Various characterization of the membrane is done to check the quality of the membrane such as FTIR, FESEM, EDS and XRF. In the permeate section, a good quantity of water is collected which gives a good separation factor.

Desalination is the requirement of the future to maintain a safe and secure water supply around the globe due to water constraints. The current material for fabricating ceramic membranes is expensive. To save money on raw materials, a by-product from a thermal power plant was used to manufacture the membrane. The membranes are 2 mm thick and have a 0.9 m pore diameter on average. The membrane was grafted with poly dimethyl siloxane to give it hydrophobicity. When compared to other available ceramic materials, the membrane's thermal conductivity, which is a key parameter in desalination, was found to be very low, in the range of 0.046 W/mk. The redesigned membrane in the direct contact membrane distillation module was utilized to undertake experimental tests under varied conditions using a feed of varying molarity solutions. The selectivity of the membrane was found to be 99 %. The permeate flux values were in the range of 1-13 Kg/m²hr which are comparative to flux achieved by polymeric membranes. The membrane's contact angle was discovered to be 119.2 degrees, and the liquid entrance pressure was measured to be 85 KPa. The temperature of the membrane wall was also computed, allowing the theoretical and experimental results to be compared.

The reaction and separation will take place on the membrane as a result of the process intensification. This will assist in lowering the cost of producing methane gas. Although hydrogen can be utilized as a fuel, storage issues emerge, and methane has a higher calorific value than hydrogen. The base material can be made of a variety of materials, however, nickel has a higher selectivity for methane and can be employed efficiently for separation. Because carbon causes a transient deactivation. It will only be on the membrane's upper surface and will be easily removed.