(573w) Optimizing the Reverse Supply Chain Network for Photovoltaic Panels Under Uncertainty

Within the global energy transition, there is a remarkable surge in the investment in photovoltaic (PV) systems. This exponential growth has elevated solar PV as a favorite among renewable technologies, surpassing even wind power [1]. However, this rapid expansion brings to light the urgent need for innovative end-of-life (EoL) management strategies tailored for solar panels [2]. Hence, designing a robust reverse supply chain for PV panels is crucial for efficient waste management, recovery of valuable resources, cost reduction, sustainability alignment, and regulatory compliance, all of which contribute to long-term environmental and economic goals. This calls for the creation of a system that can efficiently manage the flow of materials, processes, information, and finances in the reverse direction from the traditional forward supply chain.

In this research, we present a framework for modeling and optimizing decisions for recovering valuable materials from EoL PV panels and reintroducing them into the production cycle, thereby promoting a circular economy. A mixed integer optimization model is proposed to i) configure the optimal network of collection centers, recycling facilities and manufacturing sites along with the selection of various recycling technologies and transportation routes[3], and ii) address the uncertainties inherent within the system, which may arise from various factors such as the volume of PV waste generated, future raw material prices, demand for new PV panels, and regulatory changes, or technological advancements in recycling technologies. The proposed holistic framework incorporates adaptive strategies for planning under various scenarios ensuring resilience and agility of the network.

References

[1] IEA. Renewables 2022. Technical report, IEA, 2022

[2] S. Weckend, A. Wade, and G. Heath. End-of-life management: solar photo-voltaic panels. Technical report, International Energy Agency and International Renewable Energy Agency, 2016.

[3] E. Iakovou, E. N. Pistikopoulos, J. Walzberg, F. Iseri, H. Iseri, N. J. Chrisandina, S. Vedant, and C. Nkoutche. Next-generation reverse logistics networks of photovoltaic recycling: Perspectives and challenges. Solar Energy, 271:112329, 2024. ISSN 0038-092X. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.
2024.112329.