(598f) Optimizing Nanoemulsion Formulation Parameters Using Continuous Ultrasonic Cavitation Technique

Nanoemulsions (NEs) play a vital role across diverse industries, requiring efficient and scalable production methods. Ultrasonic cavitation has emerged as a promising technique for emulsion formulation due to its ability to achieve fine droplet sizes and enhance mixing efficiency. This study conducts a comprehensive comparison between batch and continuous ultrasonic cavitation methods to explain their effectiveness in NE production. Both batch and continuous modes of ultrasonic cavitation were employed in NE formulation, with a thorough evaluation of critical parameters such as droplet size distribution, stability, and energy efficiency. The influence of key process parameters including ultrasonic power, cycle ratio, residence time, and oil to surfactant ratio on emulsion characteristics was examined to understand the details of each method. Initial findings underscore the distinct advantages of both batch and continuous ultrasonic cavitation in NE formulation. In comparison with batch mode, continuous mode of operation of ultrasonic cavitation approach exhibited superior emulsification performance with less energy input, indicating its high applicability on continuous emulsification process with proper design and optimization. Optimized Ultrasonication parameters were optimized, and short- and long- term stability assessments were also conducted. At lower oil to surfactant ratio NEs was found stable after 30 days. Reduction in average droplet size (D_avg) was observed with increase in energy density. By understanding the details of the cavitation process and using advanced optimization strategies, this study contributes to the advancement of efficient and scalable emulsion production methods across various industrial sectors.