(99b) Feasibility of Photovoltaic Energy: Life Cycle Assessment, Circular Economy, and Criticality Indicators

Introduction:

The feasibility of photovoltaic (PV) energy as a sustainable energy source is crucial for addressing contemporary environmental challenges. This research explores the integration of methodologies such as Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA), and Costing Life Cycle Assessment (C-LCA) in evaluating the viability of PV energy production systems. Additionally, it emphasizes the importance of incorporating Circular Economy indicators and Criticality evaluations to assess sustainability dimensions comprehensively.

Methodology:

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), Social Life Cycle Assessment (S-LCA), and Costing Life Cycle Assessment (C-LCA) serve as foundational methodologies for estimating environmental, social, and cost indicators in PV energy production. However, Circular Economy indicators and Criticality evaluations must be conducted in parallel to ensure a holistic evaluation. This integrated approach is essential as separate assessments may overlook interconnected sustainability dimensions.

Key Evaluations:

a) End-of-life Routes: Assessing different end-of-life routes after the solar panel's lifespan is crucial for sustainable management. Circular economy indicators are essential for optimizing resource utilization and minimizing waste.

b) Social Impacts: Social Life Cycle Assessment enables the evaluation of social risks and impacts throughout the PV energy supply chain, considering both positive and negative effects on communities and stakeholders.

c) Economic Analysis: Costing Life Cycle Assessment evaluates economic indicators such as Capital Expenditure (CAPEX), Operational Expenditure (OPEX), and Net Present Value (NPV) under diverse scenarios, providing insights into the financial viability of PV energy systems.

d) Futuristic Scenarios: Considering critical raw materials parameters and end-of-life routes is imperative for envisioning future PV energy scenarios. Understanding supply risks and economic importance informs sustainable decision-making.

e) Sustainability Hotspots: Identifying sustainability hotspots across the technology's life cycle supports informed decision-making and guides further technology development. This proactive approach enhances the overall sustainability of PV energy systems.

Outlook:

Innovative solutions such as agri-PV systems can be implemented to overcome gaps and limitations in PV energy. Agri-PV systems integrate agricultural activities with PV energy generation, maximizing land use efficiency and promoting sustainable practices. By combining agriculture and renewable energy production, agri-PV systems offer multifaceted benefits, including enhanced food security, reduced land competition, and increased renewable energy generation capacity.

Conclusion:

The feasibility of photovoltaic energy hinges on a comprehensive evaluation framework that integrates LCA, S-LCA, C-LCA, Circular Economy indicators, and Criticality evaluations. By considering environmental, social, and economic dimensions in tandem, stakeholders can make informed decisions to advance the sustainability of PV energy systems. Embracing innovative solutions such as agri-PV systems further strengthens the case for transitioning towards renewable energy sources and mitigating climate change impacts.