(170b) Life Cycle Analysis of Hydrogen Production from Biomass: A Comparative Study with Steam Methane Reforming (SMR) and Electrolysis Considering Government Incentives

Development of a low-carbon energy ecosystem requires extensive analysis of novel and emerging technologies, especially taking into account the effect of supporting policies on the progress of sustainable energies. Utilizing biomass as a sustainable and abundant source for clean fuel production can significantly reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this study conducted by DNV, the life cycle assessment (LCA) of hydrogen production from biomass resources was analyzed using the GREET Model and compared with Steam Methane Reforming (SMR), which is the dominant hydrogen production pathway in the U.S., and electrolysis, an emerging clean alternative to current fossil-based technologies.

GHG emissions of the life cycle stages for each pathway including feedstock production and preparation, transportation, and conversion as well as hydrogen compression and transport are assessed. Our assessment includes the identification of the most promising feedstocks, renewable electricity, production technologies, and delivery of hydrogen to off-takers. We evaluate the impact of government policies such as Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) tax credits on repositioning the attractiveness of these hydrogen production pathways and show the critical role of supportive strategies on the future of clean hydrogen production pathways.

This presentation aims to shed light on project-relevant aspects that help with increasing feasibility and is recommended for enterprises considering prospects for production, certification, and validation of low-carbon intensity hydrogen using DNV's harmonized practices to meet the requirement in every legislation.