Simulation-Based Approach for Assessing Risk Factors in Offshore Wind-Integrated Hydrogen Production Processes

Green hydrogen production via water splitting uses fresh water and renewable electricity to create hydrogen while emitting oxygen as its sole byproduct. In offshore locations, seawater is readily available but requires desalination and deionization for traditional electrolysis. These facilities can also tap into offshore wind farms to generate hydrogen for electricity storage during periods of high wind yield, storing it for future use or converting it back into electricity using fuel cells. In the current study, we have employed a simulation-based approach to delve deeper and further analyze and assess the operational risk factors. First, we utilized Aspen Custom Modeling to custom-create models that outline the equations for the three key technologies involved: electrolysis, wind turbines, and desalination. These technologies were, then, interconnected using Aspen Plus, along with essential components such as pumps, gas compressors, heat exchangers, and pressure exchangers. We examined how operating conditions, including power, current density, and pressure, affected electrolysis efficiency. Additionally, we evaluated alterations in the seawater feed rate, desalination, and deionization reject rates under varying operational conditions, examining their effects on membrane thinning and, consequently, gas crossover. Our study culminated in the identification of the optimal operating range for specific membrane thickness, with due consideration for both safety and electrolysis efficiency.