Bioelectronic Control of a Microbial Community Using Surface-Assembled Electrogenetic Cells to Route Signals

We developed a bioelectronic communication system that is enabled by a redox signal transduction modality to exchange information between a living cell-embedded bioelectronics interface and an engineered microbial network. A naturally communicating three-member microbial network is “plugged into” an external electronic system that interrogates and controls biological function in real time. First, electrode-generated redox molecules are programmed to activate gene expression in an engineered population of electrode-attached bacterial cells, effectively creating a living transducer electrode. These cells interpret and translate electronic signals and then transmit this information biologically by producing quorum sensing molecules that are, in turn, interpreted by a planktonic co-culture. The propagated molecular communication drives expression and secretion of a therapeutic peptide from one strain and, simultaneously, enables direct electronic feedback from the second strain thus enabling real time electronic verification of biological signal propagation. Overall, we show how this multi-functional bioelectronic platform, termed BioLAN, reliably facilitates on-demand bioelectronic communication and concurrently performs programmed tasks.