Study On Emergency Rescue Decision Making Based On GIS for Typical Chemical Accidents

With the development of
the chemical industry, production scale has expanded, following the rapid
increase of the kind and amount of hazardous materials in production, storage
and operation where vast energies exist and fires, explosions and poisoning is
probable to happen. Effective emergency responses would be of great importance
for controlling development trend of the accidents thus to minimize casualties,
environment pollutions and property damages.

When an accident happens,
exactly understanding the affected area and propagation of the accident is the
precondition for correct emergency rescue decision. But for some major
accidents, due to the fact that the affected area is large, response personnel
and resources can not satisfy or meet in time the need of the affected zone,
which made it imperative to determine some most rescued zones at first based on
the principles of emergency rescues. Therefore, the consequence importance
degree of affected areas should be determined.

In this paper, typical
accident was chosen firstly. Impact scale was determined by accident
consequence models and divided into different zones at the same time. Then,
according to detailed consequence, a rule system which would be built on GIS
platform was established by consulting resources. Finally, after judgments,
comparing and calculation, decision result was obtained by the data of GIS
platform.

The decision criterions of
each zone¡¯s severity consequence may be considered in six respects, such as
level of injuries, casualties, property losses, environment pollutions, risk
counteract and social influences.

The calculated
result of decision shows that it was feasible for estimating the danger degree
of every influence zone to use decision analysis which combined qualitative and
quantitative methods. The decision analysis was able to judge which zones were
more important for priority rescue, and decreasing subjective factors.

The application of GIS
indicated that GIS was visual, fast, scientific, convenient and flexible. If
only interrelated criterions are determined, various information that combined
data and graph will be obtained and it is easy to understand for emergency
rescue commander. Risk assessment can be accomplished quickly by GIS system. For
some people in danger and other valuable resources can be marked by GIS
intuitively, and then adopt homologous action.   

The ideological line of this research is shown in Fig. 1.:

Fig. 1.  Research procedure