(499e) Influence of Irradiating Bulk Soybeans on Their Future Functional and Sensory Properties in Soyfood Processing

Soybeans were chosen for lunar and planetary missions, where soybeans will be supplied in bulk or grown locally, due to their nutritive value and ability to produce oil and protein for further food applications. However, soybeans must be processed into foods prior to consumption. Wilson et al. (2003) raised questions about the influence of radiation (on germination and functional properties) that the soybeans would be exposed to during bulk storage prior to and during a Mars mission. The influence of radiation can be broken down into two components: the affect of surface pasteurization to ensure the astronauts safety from food-borne illnesses (HACCP, CCP), and the affect of the amount of radiation the soybeans receive during a Mars mission. Decreases in the amount of natural antioxidants free radical formation, and oxidation-induced changes in the soybean will influence the nutritional value, texture, color, and aroma of soyfoods. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of surface radiation on whole soybeans using gamma and electron beam radiation at 0, 1. 5, 10, and 30 kGy (pasteurization and sterilization) on microbial load, germination rate, ease of processing, and quality of soymilk and tofu. Surface radiation of whole dry soybeans using electron beam or gamma rays from 1-30 kGy did provide microbial safety for the astronauts. However, the lower dose levels had surviving yeasts and molds. These doses caused oxidative changes that resulted in soymilk and tofu with rancid aromas. GC-MS of the aroma compounds using SPME Headspace confirmed the presence of lipid oxidation compounds. While lower doses may reduce these problems, we may lose the ability to insure microbial safety of bulk soybeans. Counter measures could include vacuum packaging, nitrogen flushing, added antioxidants, and radiating under freezing conditions. Doses below1 kGy need to be investigated further to determine the influence of the radiation encountered during Mars missions.