(25c) Emissions From An Ocean Going, Crude Oil Vessel

Ocean-going vessels are significant sources of anthropogenic emissions yet emission data from these sources remains scarce. Tankers are one of the most important ocean-going vessels and the goal of this research was to measure the full slate of criteria and greenhouse gas emissions from a crude oil tanker for ISO cycle and also for actual real-time operation of the vessel. Measurements were made following both the standard certification cycles normally used for inventories and during the actual activity of moving crude from the VLCC to the refinery. Methods for sampling and analyses of the gases conformed to the requirements of ISO 8178-1. PM measurement was done by modified ISO 8178-1 cycle. The emissions of particulate matter (PM), criteria gases (NOx, SO2 and CO) and carbon dioxide are reported. Additional speciation of gas-phase hydrocarbons and particulate matter (including elemental and organic carbon, sulfate, and metals) will be presented for the main and auxiliary diesel engines and for the boiler. Real-time measurement of gases and PM emissions was conducted for the actual operating activities of the vessel, for example maneuvering in and out the port, voluntary speed reduction (VSR), and the lightering of oil. The main engine and boiler on this vessel operated on heavy fuel oil (HFO) while the auxiliary engine operated on marine gas oil (MGO). PM from main engine was comprised of 70 to 80% sulfate, 15% organic carbon (OC) and <5% elemental carbon (EC). PM emissions per kilowatt-hour from the auxiliary engine were about 5% of the PM emissions from the Main engines. Complete chemical characterization of emissions for different engines for different fuels will be presented.