2013 AIChE Annual Meeting

(633d) The Improved Adhesion Behavior of Fibroblasts On Anodized 316L Stainless Steel

Authors

Ni, S. - Presenter, Northeastern Universtiy
Webster, T. J., Northeastern University
Sun, L., Wenzhou Institute of Biomaterials and Engineering
Liu, L., Northeastern University



The improved
adhesion behavior of fibroblasts on anodized 316L stainless steel


Siyu Nia,b, Linlin Sunb, Luting Liub, Thomas J Websterb

aCollege of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China

 bDepartment of Chemical
Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern Universtiy
, Boston,
MA, USA

E-mail: th.webster@neu.edu, Tel: +1 617 373 8565;


Introduction: It is now recognized that surface nanostructures on biomaterials greatly influence cellular behaviors as well as surface biochemical
properties[1, 2]
. Nano-featured surfaces might be used as an
excellent bioactive interface for implantable materials.
Stainless steel is one of
the most important alloys for biomedical applications. However, the
ir bioinert characteristic
surface is
a disadvantage for numerous applications. The aim of this study was
to fabricate nano-structu
red surfaces on 316L stainless steel by an anodization
method
and
examine the effects of these
anodized nano-surfaces on the attachment of fibroblasts.

Materials & Methods: 316L stainless
steel (
2.0 mm °Á 2.0 cm °Á 0.5 mm) (Goodfellow Cambridge Ltd. England) was anodized
at
30 V
for 4 min
in ethylene
glycol containing 10 vol. % perchloric acid to create bioactive surface
s. The surface morphology
and elemental composition of 316 L
after anodizat
ion were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM,
Hitachi S-4800, Tokyo, Japan) and energy-dispersive X-ray
analysis (EDAX). Fibroblasts were seeded on the samples to evaluate initial cellular
responses to the nano-structured surfaces. After cell culturing for 4 hours,
the attachment of fibroblasts was determined by
a methyl thiazolyl
tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Smoothly polished 316L was used as control surfaces. Light microscopy
and SEM were used to observe the morphology of cells.
Experiments
were completed in triplicate and repeated at least three times. Data were
analyzed statistically using student t-test.

Results and Discussion: A
nano-porous structure
was successfully fabricated by the anodization procedure. The
pore sizes were about 100 nm. After 4 hours of culture, the fibrobl
asts adhered well on the
surfaces of all the
stainless steel specimens. SEM images showed that
fibroblast exhibited normal morphology and were able to penetrate into pores by
long filopodia. MTT test
s indicated that
the
anodization
of 316 L stainless steel
significantly promoted
a higher degree of cell adhesion as
compared to the polished 316L
stainless steel after 4 hours. (p<0.05)
(Fig. 1).

Conclusions: The findings in this study
showed that anodization significantly improved
the initial cell-material
interactions on the 316L
stainless steel. Although further work is required to determine the long-term
effects of the
anodized surfaces on the proliferation and
differentiation of cells, the results of this study
indicated that the
anodized
surface
s of the 316L
stainless steel
had better biological activity.

Fig.1 The fibroblast attachment on the anodized surface of 316 L stainless steel using the MTT assay for 4 hours. *p<0.05 compared to the smoothly polished 316 L at the same time period


References

1. Mart¨ªnez
E, Engel E, Planell, JA, Samitier, J. Ann Anat 2009; 191: 126-135.

2. Ercan
B, Taylor E, Alpaslan E, Webster TJ.
Nanotechnology 2011; 22:
295102