(690d) Optimal Design of Sustainable Agricultural Water Networks

This work proposes a multi-period mixed integer non-linear programming model for the optimal design of agricultural water networks, which involves the optimal reuse of resources such as water, fertilizers and pesticides. This model is based on a new superstructure that includes attractive options for the use, reuse, recycle, regeneration and storage for the considered resources. The model incorporates simultaneously the maximization of the net annual profit and the minimization of the environmental impact. The profit is formed by the economic incomes due to the sale of crops minus the corresponding capital and operating costs associated to the fresh water, fertilizer, storage, piping, pumping and water treatment. Whereas the environmental impact is determined through the Eco-indicator 99 and the water footprint to evaluate the effect over the global warming, acidification, eutrophication, green water footprint, gray water footprint and blue water footprint. Two case studies from the Mexican state of Sinaloa were solved with the proposed model. The first one considers four crops of corn and it requires five irrigation periods; while in the second one twelve parcels are included where there are four crops of corn, four crops of bean, two crops of wheat and two crops of alfalfa, and there are needed seventeen irrigation periods. The operating, economic and design parameters are representative for the State of Sinaloa in Mexico; and the results are presented in three dimensional Pareto diagrams. From these diagrams is possible to find the optimal relationship between profit, eco-indicator and water footprint.