(319e) Functional and Chemical Properties of Bio-Oil Produced from Biomass Residues

Residues

Mudasir Akbar Shah^a, N.S.Khan^a, Vimal Kumar^b

^aDepartment of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, J & K-190006, INDIA

^bDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand-247667, INDIA

Abstract

In the present work the pyrolysis of different types of walnut shells (WS) has been studied at different temperatures (450 ^oC and 550 ^oC) and particle sizes (2mm and 0.1mm) at a constant heating (20 ^oC/min) and sweep gas flow (100 cm³/min) rates. The different walnut shells considered are paper (PSW), thin (TSW), medium (MSW) and hard (HSW) walnut shell. Experiment has The yield for bio-oil obtained from PSW, TSW, MSW and HSW are 48.2% (550 ^oC) and 32% (450 ^oC), 41.7% (550 ^oC) and 36.15% (450 ^oC), 39% (550 ^OC) and 32% (450 ^oC), and 49.7% (550 ^oC) and 36% (450 ^oC), respectively. Maximum oil (49.7 wt%) and gas (37%) yields have been obtained for HSW at a pyrolysis temperature of 550 ^oC, while minimum yield is obtained for PSW and MSW at an operating temperature of 450 ^OC. Calorific values of bio-oil obtained from different walnut shells are 26.8, 26, 26.5 and 27 MJ/kg for PSW, TSW, MSW and HSW, respectively. Chemical composition analysis of both fractions of bio-oils (organic and aqueous) has been investigated using GC-MS, FTIR, ¹H-NMR and ¹³C-NMR. It is found that the pyrolytic bio-oil composition is predominated by oxygenated compounds. The oxygen compound is imitated by the presence of oxygenated fractions such as carbonyl and carboxyl groups formed by pyrolysis of the cellulose and phenol and methoxy groups formed by pyrolysis of lignin. From the structural analysis of the bio-oil, it can be concluded that the bio-oil obtained from WS may be used as a feedstock for furnaces, as a fuel, and also used as a lubricant after small modifications.

Keywords:Thermal Cracking; Pyrolysis; Biomass; Walnut Shell; Bio-oil.