(117ac) A Thorough and Evaluative Examination of the Elimination of Heavy Metal Ions from Wastewater

The elimination of heavy metal ions from wastewater is paramount for the promotion of a healthy environment and the well-being of humans. Numerous techniques have been developed to remove heavy metal ions from different sources of wastewater. The techniques can be categorized into treatments based on adsorption, membrane filtration, chemical processes, electric separation, and photo catalysis. This study provides a thorough and critical evaluation of these methods, examining the agents and adsorbents used, removal effectiveness, operational parameters, and the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. Additionally, the study presents a summary of the essential discoveries from prior research reported in the literature. In general, the majority of recent research has concentrated on the use of adsorption methods. Greater emphasis should be placed on employing actual wastewater samples, instead of synthetic ones, for investigating the elimination of heavy metals. Future research efforts should prioritize the development of environmentally friendly, cost-efficient, and sustainable materials and techniques.