(307h) Studying the Kinetic Parameters of BaTi5O11 By Using the Thermoluminescence Technique

Metal oxides (MOs) are interesting substances for a wide range of applications [1-3] as they have special optical and electronic properties. In particular, significant chemical stability, high thermal conductivity, high radiation resistance, as well as low permeability to alkali impurities promise applications on metal oxide semiconductor structures [4-6]. MOs are used also in solar cells to enhance charge mobility and improve the efficiency of the solar cell [7-11]. Mixed metal oxides including Li [12], Ba [13] like lithium borate (Li₂B₄O₇) [14], barium zirconate (BaZrO₃) [15], barium titanate (BaTiO₃) [16], and zirconium dioxide [17], have been investigated on Thermoluminescence (TL) properties and the accompanying kinetic parameters of the traps within the substance. This is particularly useful in evaluating the electrical charges and the capability to obtain these charges [18].

One of the most outstanding metal oxides is monoclinic barium titanate (BaTi₅O₁₁) with significant properties. Low dielectric loss and high dielectric constant are worthwhile to mention [19], in addition to its less toxic nature as compared to many other ceramics such as lead-based metal oxides [20]. Different techniques are used for the synthesis of BaTi₅O_11. Among other, BaTi₅O₁₁ can be prepared by solid-state [21], co-precipitation [22], hydrothermal [23], sputtering [24] methods as well as sol-gel technique [25].

The current study is focusing on BaTi₅O₁₁ prepared by sol-gel technique due to the use of non-expensive equipment, low-temperature processing, non-vacuum requirement, and good chemical homogeneity [26]. Full characterization of the compound is presented. The morphology and crystal structure of BaTi₅O₁₁ is determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectrometer (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with Energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDX).

In order to study the release of stored energy in the form of light during the thermal stimulation of the samples under investigation, beta irradiation is used to study the Thermoluminescence (TL) response and record the kinetic parameters of the sample by using various methods. During heating, light is stimulated from a material exhibiting TL, and this stimulated light can be measured as a function of the applied temperature. The resulting curve is called a glow curve. This curve contains details about traps within the band gap. Moreover, such charge carrier trap is characterized by its kinetic parameters, such as the peak position (T_m), the trap depth, or activation energy (E), the frequency factor (s), and the order of kinetics (b). The kinetic parameters that correspond to the charge carrier traps were determined. The analysis methods indicated that the TL glow curve of BaTi₅O₁₁ consists of 6 overlapped peaks corresponding to several traps.

For the first time and as of our knowledge, this study resembles a basis to link electronic and optical parameters by a reliable, easy to use technique like Thermoluminesce. The study confirms the potential of BaTi₅O₁₁ for dosimetry as well as for solar cell applications.

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