(426d) Nanostructured, Biocompatible Mxene-Based Hybrid Membranes Fabricated Using Vacuum-Assisted Layer-By-Layer Assembly

This study presents the development of a flexible, self-assembling hybrid membrane composed of two-dimensional titanium carbide MXene nanoflakes and gelatin-stabilized amorphous calcium phosphate (Gel-ACP) nanoparticles. We hypothesized that the controlled integration of Gel-ACP nanoparticles and MXene nanoflakes in a nanostructured hybrid membrane would result in enhanced mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility, making it suitable for biosensing and tissue engineering applications. Two-dimensional Ti₃C₂T_x MXene nanoflakes were synthesized by selectively etching Al layers from the Ti₃AlC₂ MAX phase. Gel-ACP nanoparticles with an average size of 50 nm were synthesized through controlled precipitation of calcium phosphate in the presence of gelatin. The hybrid membranes were fabricated using vacuum-assisted layer-by-layer assembly of Gel-ACP nanoparticles and MXene nanoflakes. Nanostructural analysis was performed using electron microscopy and small-angle and wide-angle X-ray scattering. Furthermore, mechanical properties were assessed through a newly designed apparatus for measuring membrane burst pressure. Electrical conductivity and biocompatibility were also evaluated to determine the membrane's potential for biomedical applications. The hybrid membranes exhibited exceptional mechanical properties due to the strong interfacial interactions between the Gel-ACP and MXene layers. The membrane's flexibility allowed it to endure deformation while maintaining structural integrity. The MXene nanoflakes provided electrical conductivity, an advantageous feature for applications requiring electrical stimulation. Additionally, the membrane displayed biocompatibility, excellent adhesion to bone-like structures, and long-term stability in buffer solutions. The innovative design of the MXene/Gel-ACP membrane showcases its potential for diverse applications, including guided bone regeneration, benefiting from the membrane's bioactivity and mechanical support. This study provides a foundation for future research into the MXene-based hybrid membrane's potential in tissue engineering and diagnostics, further advancing the development of nanostructured biomimetic and biohybrid materials.