(19c) Improved Integration of Lopa with Hazop Analyses - PPSS

Integrating Layer of Protection Analysis (LOPA) with Hazard and Operability Analysis (HAZOP) has many advantages over performing these studies separately. The merits include: fewer actions from the combined effort compared to performing only a HAZOP; team continuity resulting from the combined effort as opposed to two separate teams having possibly differing points of view; and, ultimately, a time and cost savings realized by the combination. This integration defines the risk associated with a given scenario, enabling better decisions which impact business assurance.

By using the Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) guidelines to define the independent protection layers upfront, the gray areas can often be reduced or eliminated; thereby enabling a more thorough LOPA. Examples include taking credit if a unit has two independent operators (outside and inside) responding to critical alarms, or taking credit for centralized control rooms which may allow immediate operator interaction and response.

This paper shows how the guidelines have been used successfully in past joint HAZOP/LOPA studies, and describes initial preparation protocol that can ensure high-quality results.