(16b) Lessons Learned from Application of LOPA throughout the Process Lifecycle

LOPA has been implemented throughout major capital projects, on existing facility PHAs, and in PHA revalidations and management of change risk reviews.   This paper discusses lessons learned for implementing LOPA in each phase of a process lifecycle and outlines some of the ways to optimize the use of LOPA.  The paper describes how implementation of standards for IPLs and initiating event maintenance is necessary in each company.  The paper also covers consolidation of SIL evaluation into the related PHA and LOPA at each life cycle phase.  Special emphasis is given to optimizing the application of LOPA and SIL evaluation through the various phases of a major capital project.