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In this study, crude TDO oil is hydrogenated using a commercial Ni/SiO2-Al2O3 catalyst in bench scale continuous flow tubular reactors. The crude and hydrogenated TDO oils are distilled to produce jet fuel (180-250 °C) and diesel (150-325 °C) range hydrocarbons using a fractional distillation apparatus according to ASTM standards. Four different TDO oil
blendstocks (crude TDO oil, Hydrotreated TDO oil, distilled TDO oil, and distilled Hydrotreated TDO oil) are analyzed for chemical and physicochemical properties following ASTM standard methods and used for diesel combustion analysis. Properties of the TDO fuels are compared with ASTM and military fuel standards (MIL-DTL), and blended appropriately to meet the specifications. Each TDO diesel blendstocks is blended with ULSD in four different volume percent (5 %, 10 %, 15%, and 20%) to produce sixteen total fuel blends for the analysis. Combustion and emission behaviors of the fuel blends were studied using a naturally-aspirated, air-cooled, single-cylinder diesel engine as a function of engine load at a fixed speed of 3,600 RPM. In-cylinder heat release analysis results show combustion phasing and indicated thermal efficiency can be predicted by fuel cetane rating. Quantitation of engine emission include oxygenates (aldehydes and ketones) using GCMS methods and soot which is collected on 0.45 um fiberglass filters and analyzed using thermogravimetric analysis to ascertain total emission rate and volatile fraction. Results show TDO oils are a viable renewable fuel blending agent for making finished transportation fuels.
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