(54ay) Mixing Grains with Different Elongation in a Rotating Drum

Mixing grains with different properties is a remarkably challenging process, relevant to many industrial applications. Rotating drums have been used extensively as model systems to study granular media flow [1, 2] and mixing and segregation [3]. Numerous studies considered the mixing of grains with different sizes, but only few studies considered shape and elongation, which have been already identified as important characteristics affecting packing [4] and inducing segregation [5].
In this contribution, the mixing of binary mixtures of grains having the same volume, but different elongations was studied experimentally. The mixing dynamics of a layered granular medium was characterised in a rotating drum, highlighting the impact of the grain shape, of the drum angular speed and of the drum filling ratio. A mixed or segregated state is reached very rapidly, but experiments are continued to verify that the state reached is a steady state.
The experiments demonstrated that below a critical difference of elongation, the grains can be mixed effectively. Conversely, when grain elongations are very different, a central core is formed, rich in the more elongated grains. In this case only limited mixing can be achieved. These results can guide the formulation of mixtures of grains with different elongations.

References
[1] GDR MiDi, On dense granular flows, The European Physical Journal E, 14, 4, 341–365, 2004.
[2] A. Jarray, V. Magnanimo, M. Ramaioli, S. Luding, Scaling of wet granular flows in a rotating drum, EPJ Web of Conferences, 140,03078, 2017.
[3] C.R.K. Windows-Yule, B.J. Scheper, A.J. van der Horn, N. Hainsworth, J. Saunders, D.J. Parker, A.R. Thornton, Understanding and exploiting competing segregation mechanisms in horizontally rotated granular media, New Journal of Physics, 18, 2, 023013, 2016.
[4] F. M. Schaller, R. F. B. Weigel, S. C. Kapfer, Densest Local Structures of Uniaxial Ellipsoids, Physical Review X, 6, 041032, 2016.
[5] M. Ramaioli, L. Pournin, Th. M. Liebling, Numerical and experimental investigation of alignment and segregation of vibrated granular media composed of rods and spheres, Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Micromechanics of Granular Media, 2, 1359-1363, 2005.