Investigation of Waste Water Cleaning Treatment Process with Biofilm

In the last 20 years, the use of biofilms has been strongly researched for biological wastewater treatment, for nitrate, bromat, perchlorate, arsenate, etc. removal. The microorganisms form a few tens/hundreds microns thick biofilm on the surface of the mobile or fixed carriers during this process. The carrier particles should have high specific surface area, and they have to move constantly with the flowing fluid or they are immobilized. The substrates (carbon, oxygen) can enter the bio-film by diffusion from the bulk fluid phase. Biofilms are agglomerations of microorganisms or bacteria, which due to their metabolic activity convert the contaminant components of the wastewaters into harmless products. Contrary to the suspended cell systems, biofilm reactors provide high mass concentration, and higher substrate conversion without need for solid separation devices, thus, the biofilm using sewage cleaning systems has several advantages comparing to the traditional activated sludge wastewater treatment.