Batteries fall significantly short of meeting the demands of electric-vehicle owners when it comes to driving range — the distance a vehicle can travel between charges. An electrolyte additive may be the secret to extending the life of rechargeable lithium-metal batteries.
Developed in the 1970s, lithium-metal batteries boast theoretical energy densities that are as much as ten times higher than those of Li-ion batteries — the most widely used batteries in mobile electronics and electric vehicles. The lithium-metal battery is almost identical to the Li-ion battery, the only difference being the anode material. Instead of graphite (the anode material in Li-ion batteries), lithium-metal batteries use a thin piece of lithium-metal foil as the anode. But lithium metal reacts with lithium-ion-carrying electrolytes — increasing resistance within the battery, reducing the amount of lithium available to store energy, and creating growths called dendrites that can cause shortcircuits. All of these drawbacks have prevented lithium-metal...
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