Multiplexed Microanalytical Biosensor Systems

A wide range of nano-enabled materials chemistries results in the synthesis of hybrid, multifunctional, bioactive, and electroconductive hydrogels that enable control of the ABIO-BIO interface of indwelling multiplexed analytical microsystems. This paper surveys ongoing research at the Center for Bioelectronics, Biosensors and Biochips (C3B^®) that is aimed at: i) A penta-analyte biosensor, the PSM BioChip™, for the monitoring of key biomarkers of physiological stress during trauma-associated hemorrhage. This intramuscularly indwelling microsystem measures lactate, glucose, potassium, oxygen tension and pH (acidosis). The system uses decision tree, artificial neural networks and expert data to fuse sourced analytical data into a single real-time, reportable, actionable score useful in mass triage, trauma resuscitation management and ICU monitoring. ii) A dual-function 24-well Electrical Cell Stimulation And Recording Apparatus (ECSARA™) for the concomitant electrification of human inducible pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to guide differentiation while monitoring and modeling transmembrane epithelial / endothelial cell resistance (TEER) and capacitance of the cells as a tool to evaluate cellular behavior. This system applies electric fields of relevant physiological values to cells grown in culture on microporous inserts and does so for long periods with scheduled intermittent measures of electrical impedance spectra. iii) A dual-responsive biosensor system that uses biologically responsive organic electronic circuit elements for the fused monitoring of glucose and lactate levels reported wirelessly via the output of an oscillator circuit. iv) A biosensor-enabled, dual-sensing microfluidic system that recapitulates vascular physiology for the investigation of flow fields, agonists and antagonists on human inducible pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) derived endothelial cells (ECs) from patients with Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS). This microfluidic vasculature-on-a-chip system measures nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) as key indicators of vascular response to stress.