Biomanufacturing in Space: Bionutrients and CO2-Based Manufacturing

Biomanufacturing can provide on-demand production of mission-critical compounds and materials to support long-duration space exploration while circumventing the challenges of transporting materials from Earth. The NASA Synthetic Biology Project is developing two biomanufacturing capabilities: BioNutrients and CO₂-Based Manufacturing. BioNutrients is an ongoing mission aboard the International Space Station focused on the production of perishable nutrients in an on demand for direct for consumption. The first flight experiment of this project targeted the production of carotenoids: β-carotene and zeaxanthin, in recombinant yeast strains. Since then, the project has expanded to encompass the production of the fermented consumables like yogurt and kefir for use as a nutrient delivery mechanism. The CO₂-Based Manufacturing system aims to use in situ resources to allow for biomanufacturing with minimal re-supply required. The manufacturing platform is combined with an electrochemical CO₂ conversion system which can produce simple carbon substrates to support microbial based biomanufacturing. A comprehensive ground-based platform for recombinant protein purification is in development with the goal of producing a thermostable carbonic anhydrase enzyme from E. coli utilizing CO₂-derived acetate. Our group hopes to propel advancements in space biomanufacturing for long duration space flight by harnessing the tools of synthetic biology.