Deriving Complex Endodermal Organ Tissues from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells As Models for Development and Disease Research | AIChE

Deriving Complex Endodermal Organ Tissues from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells As Models for Development and Disease Research









cchmc
James Wells
4
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2013-12-17T19:02:00Z
2013-12-17T19:04:00Z
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text-autospace:none">Kyle
McCracken*, Jorge Munera*, Patrick McGrath*, Michael
Workman*, Katie Sinagoga*, Christopher Mayhew*, Noah Shroyer+, Carey Watson^, Michael Helmrath^ and James Wells#*.

text-autospace:none">Divisions of Developmental
Biology*, Gastroenterology+,  Endocrinology#, Pediatric Surgery^

text-autospace:none">Cincinnati ChildrenÕs
Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati OH 45229

text-autospace:none">

Successful
efforts to direct the differentiation of
human
embryonic and induced pluripotent stem mso-fareast-font-family:"\0027times new roman\0027";mso-bidi-font-family:"\0027times new roman\0027"'>
cells
(PSCs) mso-bidi-font-family:"\0027times new roman\0027"'>into specific organ cell
types Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'>in vitro mso-bidi-font-family:"\0027times new roman\0027"'> have largely been guided by
studies
in embryonic development. We have used signaling pathways that control early endoderm
organ morphogenesis in vivo to
generate complex, three-dimensional organ tissues with improved functionality from
human PSCs in vitro. mso-bidi-font-family:"\0027times new roman\0027"'>We identified that the combined
activity of FGF and Wnt signaling pathways was
sufficient to promote PSC-derived endoderm to undergo gut tube morphogenesis in vitro. The resulting
three-dimensional gut tube tissues can be further directed into specific organ
tissue types using embryonic patterning pathways. For example we have been able
to use a temporal series of growth factor manipulations that mimic embryonic
intestinal development to generate three-dimensional human intestinal organoids (HIOs). HIOs consisted of a polarized, columnar
epithelium with villus-like structures and crypt-like proliferative zones with
all of the major cell types of the adult gut. Arial;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"'> Cell types within HIOs can be
further using genetic gain- and loss-of-function approaches, or by adding
progenitors of other lineages during the process of in vitro development. mso-bidi-font-family:"\0027times new roman\0027"'>We have used similar
three-dimensional approaches to generate human foregut organoids
capable of giving rise to lung, pancreas, and stomach tissues. We have directed
differentiation of human foregut tissue specifically into stomach/gastric organoids, which we are using to model the pathogenesis
induced by infection with Helicobacter
pylori
. We are also using genetically modified PSCs, or iPSCs
derived from patients, to establish models of disease including cystic fibrosis
and malabsorption syndromes. 

mso-bidi-font-family:"\0027times new roman\0027"'>

Grant
funding: NIH, 1U18NS080815,
R01DK080823 and S1 (J.W.), 1R01DK092456 (J.W. and
N.S) and a CTSA (U54 RR025216 01).