Paper-Based Synthetic Gene Networks

SEED 2015 abstract:

Synthetic gene networks are incredibly powerful tools, with wide-ranging uses in reprogramming and rewiring organisms. To date, there has not been a way to harness the vast potential of these networks beyond the constraints of a laboratory or in vivo environment. Here, we present an in vitro paper-based platform for synthetic biology that promises to provide both a new venue for synthetic biologists to operate, and a much- needed medium for the safe deployment of engineered gene circuits out of the lab. It enables the simple, sterile and abiotic distribution of synthetic biology-based technologies for the clinic, global health and industry. Based on commercially available cell-free transcription and translation systems, bacterial and mammalian components can be freeze-
dried onto paper and other porous substrates to create poised synthetic gene networks that
are stable for long-term storage at room temperature and are activated by rehydration. The resulting engineered materials have the transcription and translation properties of a cell and can host genetically-encoded tools. We demonstrate this technology with small molecule and RNA actuation of genetic switches, the characterization of novel gene circuits, and the construction of paper-based sensors for glucose and mRNAs, including antibiotic resistance genes and strain-specific Ebola virus sensors. Moreover, the rational design and rapid prototyping elements of the system provide a powerful combination for accelerating research. For greater practical use, gene circuits were enhanced with colorimetric outputs for detection by the naked eye, as well as with the fabrication of a low cost, electronic optical interface for quantification and possible automation of reactions. These low cost, paper-based synthetic gene networks have the potential to bring bio-based sensors, counters, timers and simple logic to portable devices.