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An event or incident whose expected frequency is very small. The event is not statistically expected to occur during the normal life of a facility or operation.
Where the time or approximate time of the demand occurrence is predictable, the primary concern is whether the ESD system is operational at that time. In other words, the criteria is related to the cumulative probability of failure of the ESD system over the appropriate time interval which ends...
When a superheated liquid is released to the atmosphere, a fraction of it will flash into vapor. Another fraction may remain suspended as an aerosol. The remaining liquid, as well as portions of aerosol, may "rain out" on the ground.
Rapid cooling from an elevated temperature, e.g., severe cooling of the reaction system in a short time (almost instantaneously), "freezes" the status of a reaction and prevents further decomposition or reaction.
A closed vessel containing a relatively large volume of liquid. The emergency vent stream is sparged subsurface through the liquid volume at high velocity, resulting in vigorous agitation and circulation of the pool contents in order to maximize cooling and condensation or reaction with the pool...
A vessel with internal liquid sprays supplied by an external recirculation pump loop with a quenching liquid sprayed directly into the vapor space to contact, cool, and condense at least part of the hot vented gas or vapor stream before these gases enter the main vent header system.
The use of Quantitative Risk Analysis results to make decisions, either through relative ranking of risk reduction strategies or through comparison with risk targets.
The systematic development of numerical estimates of the expected frequency and severity of potential incidents associated with a facility or operation based on engineering evaluation and mathematical techniques.
Refers to the method of evaluation obtained through measurement or mathematical analysis of essential, required and desirable features. Refers to the method of evaluation gained through measurement or mathematical analysis of essential, required and desirable features.
