September 2024 | AIChE

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September 2024

Short-Stop Agent

A material added to a reaction mixture to stop or greatly reduce the reaction rate. This is usually done to prevent a runaway reaction.

Short Term Exposure Limit (STEL)

Is the limiting exposure concentration for exposure durations up to 15 minutes, as developed by the ACGIH.

Shock Wave

A transient change in the gas density, pressure, and velocity of the air surrounding an explosion point. The initial change can be either discontinuous or gradual. A discontinuous change is referred to as a shock wave, and a gradual change is known as a pressure wave.

Shock Sensitive

A relatively unstable material, the energetic decomposition of which can be initiated by merely the input of mechanical energy at normal ambient conditions. Materials are considered as shock sensitive if they are more easily initiated than dinitrobenzene in a standard drop-weight test.

Shelter-in-Place

A process for taking immediate shelter in a location readily accessible to the affected individual by sealing a single area (an example being a room) from outside contaminants and shutting off all HVAC systems.

Sheltering

Physical protection (such as an enclosed building) against the outcome of an incident.

Severity

The maximum credible consequences or effects, assuming no safeguards are in place.

Serious Injury

The classification for an occupational injury which includes: (a) all disabling work injuries and (b) non-disabling work injuries as follows: (1) eye injuries requiring treatment by a physician, (2) fractures, (3) injuries requiring hospitalization, (4) loss of consciousness, (5) injuries requiring...

Sensitizer

A chemical that causes a substantial proportion of exposed people or animals to develop an allergic reaction in normal tissue after repeated exposure to the chemical.

Sensitizer

A substance which on first exposure causes little or no reaction in man or test animals, but which on repeated exposure may cause a marked response not necessarily limited to the contact site. Skin sensitization is the most common form of sensitization in the industrial setting, although...

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