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September 2024

Detonation Momentum Attenuator

A mechanical device inside of a detonation flame arrester whose purpose is to reduce both the high pressure and the dynamic energy of a detonation and to split the flame front before it reaches the actual flame arrester element, thus avoiding structural damage to the element. (This device is also...

Detonation Flame Arrester

A flame arrester used to prevent the transmission of a detonation.

Detonation

A release of energy caused by the propagation of a chemical reaction in which the reaction front advances into the unreacted substance at greater than sonic velocity in the unreacted material.

Detonable Limits

The minimum and maximum concentrations of a combustible material, in a homogeneous mixture with a gaseous oxidizer, that will propagate a detonation

Design Institute for Emergency Relief Systems (DIERS)

Institute under the auspices of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers founded to study relief requirements for reactive chemical systems and two-phase flow systems.

Design Case

Conditions to be used for the design of a vent system to ensure it will meet safety, health, environmental, and commercial objectives. For emergency vent headers, this will normally be based on the worst credible case scenario. For normal process vents, the design should take into consideration all...

Dermal Toxicity

Adverse effects resulting from skin exposure to a substance. Also referred to as "Cutaneous toxicity". Importance: Ordinarily used to denote effects in experimental animals.

Dermal

Used on or applied to the skin. Importance: Dermal exposure, as well as inhalation exposure, must be considered to prevent adverse health effects.

Dependent Failure

Failure whose probability cannot be expressed as the simple product of the unconditional probability of the individual events, which causes it.

Dense Gas

A gas with density exceeding that of air at ambient temperature. Sometimes the expression is used loosely to apply to aerosols such as flashing liquid ammonia. See also heavy gas and negatively buoyant vapors.

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