Cloud density is greater than ambient air density, due to the high molecular weight, the cold temperature, and/or the presence of aerosols in the emissions. Dense cloud and heavy cloud are synonymous.
A plant condition or event which requires a protective system or device to take appropriate action in order to prevent a hazard. (1) A signal or action that should change the state of a device, or (2) an opportunity to act, and thus, to fail.
A failure which is gradual or partial; it does not cease all function but compromises that function. It may lower output below a designated point, raise output above a designated point or result in erratic output. A degraded mode might allow only one mode of operation. If left unattended, the...
The reduction of pressure generated in a vessel by a deflagration by allowing the emergency flow of the vessel contents from the vessel by means of an opening in the vessel, thus avoiding the failure of the vessel by overpressure. The vent opening is usually closed by a pressure-relieving cover (e...
The transition phenomenon resulting from the acceleration of a deflagration flame to detonation via flame-generated turbulent flow and compressive heating effects. At the instant of transition a volume of pre-compressed, turbulent gas ahead of the flame front detonates at unusually high velocity...
The technique of detecting and arresting combustion in a confined space while the combustion is still in its incipient stage, thus preventing the development of pressures that could result in an explosion.
The technique of specifying the design pressure of a vessel and its appurtenances so that they are capable of withstanding the maximum pressures resulting from an internal deflagration.
