As global temperatures continue to rise, interest in CO2 capture and sequestration (CCS) processes is growing. With this, the pipeline network dedicated to CO2 transportation will also need to expand to move the CO2 from capture sources to sequestration sites. Understanding the phase behavior of CO2 is essential to ensuring safe and efficient flow within these pipelines. Although the thermodynamic properties of pure CO2 are well understood, the CO2 captured from emission sources will contain multiple impurities that greatly complicate our ability to predict the phase behavior of the flowing fluid.
One of the most problematic impurities often present in a captured CO2 stream is water. When the water remains dissolved in the gaseous or liquid CO2, there is minimal risk to the pipeline integrity and flow. However, several issues can arise when the temperature and pressure conditions do not allow the water to stay dissolved. If liquid water is present, this can corrode the carbon steel pipeline due to the formation of carbonic acid. At very low temperatures, the water may even freeze as solid ice, but the formation of a solid clathrate hydrate phase may...
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